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}} The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, also called the Baltimore Basilica, was the first Roman Catholic cathedral built in the United States, and was among the first major religious buildings constructed in the nation after the adoption of the U.S. Constitution. As a co-cathedral, it is one of the seats of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore in Baltimore, Maryland. Additionally it is a parish church (ranked minor basilica) and national shrine. It is considered the masterpiece of Benjamin Henry Latrobe, the "Father of American Architecture". ==History== The Basilica was constructed between 1806 and 1821 to a design of Benjamin Henry Latrobe, America's first professionally trained architect 〔See Leland M. Roth, ''Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning''. Boulder, Col.: Westview Press, 1993 .〕 and Thomas Jefferson's Architect of the U.S. Capitol.〔("A Brief History of the Basilica", The Baltimore Basilica )〕 It was built under the guidance of the first American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, John Carroll. The Basilica was consecrated on May 31, 1821, by the third Archbishop of Baltimore, Ambrose Maréchal. Many famous events have occurred within its walls, including the funeral Mass of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the only Catholic signatory of the Declaration of Independence. Most of the first American bishops were consecrated here to fill the ever-multiplying dioceses necessitated by the young country's territorial expansion and great waves of immigration. Until recent years, more priests were ordained at the Baltimore Basilica than in any other church in the United States. The building hosted many of the 19th century meetings that shaped the Catholic Church in America, including seven Provincial Councils and three Plenary Councils.〔 Among other effects, these led to the founding of The Catholic University of America and efforts to evangelize African and Native Americans to Catholicism. The Third Plenary Council, which was the largest meeting of Catholic Bishops held outside Rome since the Council of Trent, commissioned the famous Baltimore Catechism. In 1937, Pope Pius XI raised the Cathedral to the rank of a Minor Basilica. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969,〔 and two years later was declared a National Historic Landmark.〔 In 1993, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops designated the Basilica a National Shrine. It is the namesake of the Cathedral Hill Historic District.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cathedral Hill Historic District )〕 Many people deemed holy by the Catholic Church are associated with the Basilica, including Mother Mary Lange, Foundress of the Oblate Sisters of Providence, the first order for Catholic nuns of African-American descent;〔 Father Michael J. McGivney, founder of the Knights of Columbus, who was ordained at the Basilica in 1877 by Archbishop James Gibbons; St. John Neumann, who is credited with founding America's Catholic School System. The Basilica has welcomed millions of visitors, including Pope John Paul II in 1995, Blessed Mother Teresa of Calcutta in 1996, and Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I of Constantinople in 1997. The building has also been visited by at least 20 other saints or potential saints. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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